String to lowercase
$string.ToLower()
Details
String to lowercase

Example
PS C:\> $string = "WILLIAMS"
>> $string.ToLower()

williams
  
String to uppercase on first letter only
$string.Substring(0,1).ToUpper() + $string.Substring(1,$string.Length-1).ToLower()
Details
String to uppercase on first letter only

Example
PS C:\> $string = "williams"
>> $string.Substring(0,1).ToUpper() + $string.Substring(1,$string.Length-1).ToLower()

Williams
  
String to uppercase
$string.ToUpper()
Details
String to uppercase

Example
PS C:\> $string = "williams"
>> $string.ToUpper()

WILLIAMS
  
Find none ASCII characters
$string = "In mathematics, summation (capital Greek sigma symbol: ∑) is the addition of a sequence of numbers."
$string.ToCharArray() | ForEach-Object{
    $char = $_
    try{$ascii = [byte][char]$char}
    catch{"$char - None ascii character" }
}
Details
Breaks the string into a char array and attempts is convert the char back to it ASCII value.
If it fails to convert then it is not a standard ASCII character.
Output Example
PS C:\> ∑ - None ascii character
  
Find characters between Greater Than and Less Than signs
$string = "LastName,  ([samaccountname])"
[Regex]::Matches($string, '(?<=\<)(.*?)(?=\>)').Value
Details
Uses a regex expression with find all characters that match the expression.

Example
PS C:\> $string = "LastName,  ([samaccountname])"
>> [Regex]::Matches($string, '(?<=\<)(.*?)(?=\>)').Value

FirstName
  |  
Find characters between Brackets []
$string = "LastName, FirstName ([samaccountname])"
[Regex]::Matches($string, '(?<=\[)(.*?)(?=])').Value
Details
Uses a regex expression with find all characters that match the expression.

Example
PS C:\> $string = "LastName, FirstName ([samaccountname])"
>> [Regex]::Matches($string, '(?<=\[)(.*?)(?=])').Value

samaccountname
  |  
Find characters between Parentheses ()
$string = "LastName, FirstName ([samaccountname])"
[Regex]::Matches($string, '(?<=\()(.*?)(?=\))').Value
Details
Uses a regex expression with find all characters that match the expression.

Example
PS C:\> $string = "LastName, FirstName ([samaccountname])"
>> [Regex]::Matches($string, '(?<=\()(.*?)(?=\))').Value

[samaccountname]
  |  
Combine an array into a string with semicolon separator
$array = 'The','quick','brown','fox','jumps','over','the','lazy','dog.'
$array -join(';')
Details
Uses a join to combine the strings

Example
PS C:\> $array = 'The','quick','brown','fox','jumps','over','the','lazy','dog.'
>> $array -join(';')

The;quick;brown;fox;jumps;over;the;lazy;dog.
  |  |